A Case of the Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure for Fetal Giant Fourth Branchial Cleft Cyst / 대한이비인후과학회지

Large neck masses in the fetus can result in neonatal hypoxia with airway obstruction during a delivery. The ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is a procedure that would be helpful in safely securing a fetal airway when the maternal-fetal circulation is being obstructed. Branchial cleft cyst (BCC) is a relatively common congenital malformation in the neck, however, the fourth BCC is very rare. Herein, we present a case of a giant fourth BCC, which was prenatally detected on ultrasound and safely surgically treated to secure an airway with EXIT procedure during the delivery.

Preoperative Measurement of Submandibular Gland Stone Size / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The choice of optimal treatment methods among various gland preserving procedures including transoral surgery, sialendoscopy and extracorporeal lithotripsy for submandibular stones is mainly determined by the size of the stone. We tried to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography (USG) and computerized tomography (CT) for the preoperative estimation of submandibular gland stone size. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 251 patients who were treated for submandibular stones from January 2008 to December 2014. Eighty patients who checked both preoperative USG and CT were included. Preoperative USG and CT measurements of the submandibular stones were compared to postoperative measurements of removed stones. Effects of stone location and presence of acute infection on preoperative measurements were also assessed. RESULTS: The mean submandibular gland stone size was 6.60+/-3.8 mm by USG, 7.23+/-4.0 mm by neck CT and 7.89+/-4.7 mm by the postoperative measurement. USG and CT showed good correlation with the postoperative measurement (correlation coefficient 0.912 and 0.940, respectively). The location of stone and presence of combined infection showed no significant impact on the accuracy of USG and CT measurement. CONCLUSION: USG and neck CT showed high accuracy for predicting submandibular gland stone size. However, it should be taken into consideration that the stone size could be greater than that shown by preoperative measurement.

The Effect of Omnaris(R) on the Inflammatory Reaction and Mucin Gene Expression from Nasal Polyp Epithelial Cells / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glucocorticoids are a potent anti-inflammatory agent. The au-thors conducted this study to investigate the effect of Omnaris(R) on suppression of inflammation induction and mucin gene expression in nasal polyp epithelial cells. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Primary nasal polyp epithelial cells were stimulated by 5 ug/mL of streptococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To determine the effects of Omnaris(R), cells were pretreated with 200, 100, 10, 1 ng/mL of Omnaris(R). The anti-inflammatory effect of epithelial cells were confirmed by measuring interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and mucin gene expressions were determined by real time PCR for MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC8. RESULTS: SEB and LPS enhanced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF from nasal polyp epithelial cells. The increased cytokine levels were significantly suppressed by Omnaris(R) at 100 and 10 ng/mL. The expressions of MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC8 mRNA, and MUC4 mRNA were increased by SEB and LPS, respectively. The increased expression of these mucin genes were significantly suppressed by 100, 10, and 1 ng/mL of Omnaris(R). CONCLUSION: Omnaris(R) significantly suppressed the production of chemical mediators and mucin gene expression, which indicated that Omnaris(R) is effective in improving and treating inflammatory diseases in the nasal cavity.